We show for the first time that the ventral diverticulum of the mosquito gut (impermeable sugar storage organ) harbors microorganisms. The gut diverticulum from newly emerged and non-fed Aedes aegypti was dissected under aseptic conditions, homogenized and plated on BHI medium. Microbial isolates were identified by sequencing of 16S rDNA for bacteria and 28S rDNA for yeast. A direct DNA extraction from Ae. aegypti gut diverticulum was also performed. The bacterial isolates were: Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilis and Serratia sp. The latter was the predominant bacteria found in our isolations. The yeast species identified was Pichia caribbica.

Falsa estria vermelha (FEV), uma nova doença causada por Xanthomonas sp., é diferente diferente de todas as outras doenças já descritas em cana-de-açúcar. Ela está distribuída por toda as principais regiões canavieiras do centro-sul do Brasil, mas ainda não foi detectada no norte e nordeste do Brasil nem em qualquer outro país. O presente estudo determinou a gama de culturas e plantas daninhas hospedeiras da bactéria dentre espécies pertencentes às gramíneas, através de inoculação por injeção e pulverização de suspensão bacteriana. Além da cana-de-açúcar, entre as 31 diferentes espécies estudadas, apenas sorgo, milho e aveia apresentaram sintomas, 15 dias após a inoculação. Em sorgo, no ponto de inoculação, apareceram estrias avermelhadas coalescentes. As folhas apresentaram típicas estrias vermelhas finas (1 mm), longas e paralelas às nervuras, com presença de exsudato bacteriano. Até mesmo as inflorescências apresentaram pontuações avermelhadas. Plantas de milho inoculadas com seringa apresentaram sintomas de anasarca e descoloração de tecidos ao redor do ponto de inoculação e estrias cloróticas (2-3 mm) no limbo foliar; porém, sem exsudato de bactéria. Apenas folhas de cevada apresentaram sintomas quando inoculadas por pulverização. As lesões iniciais eram estrias e manchas de cor palha, evoluindo para uma necrose total das folhas, causando a morte das plantas. A partir de folhas sintomáticas de cana-de-açúcar, sorgo, milho e aveia, realizaram-se re-isolamentos, obtendo-se culturas puras de Xanthomonas sp. cuja identidade foi comprovada através de testes sorológicos e por Rep-PCR. Diante desses resultados, surge a necessidade de realização de inspeções e campos de cultivo de sorgo, milho e aveia para verificar a presença da bactéria da FEV e determinar se o patógeno pode infectar essas culturas naturalmente.

False Red Stripe (FRS), a new disease caused by Xanthomonas sp., is different from any other sugarcane disease already described. It is distributed throughout the main sugarcane areas of the Center-South of Brazil but has not been reported in the Northeast and North of Brazil or any other country. The present work determined the host range of the FRS bacterium among grasses crops and weeds, through artificial inoculation by injection and spraying of bacterial suspension. From the 31 different species inoculated with the FRS bacterium, only sorghum, maize and oat expressed symptoms 15 days after inoculation. Sorghum presented coalescent red stripes at the injection point. Under and above the injection point, at the adaxial face of the leaves, bacterial exudates were observed on the narrow red stripes (1 mm). The symptoms in sorghum were very similar to those observed in sugarcane; however, no yellowish flex were observed on the stripes. Maize plants presented a generalized discoloration of tissues near the inoculation point and the appearance long chlorotic stripes with 2-3 mm, but no bacterial exudation. Only oat plants expressed symptoms after inoculation by spraying. The FRS bacterium was recovered by re-isolation from the symptomatic leaves of sorghum, maize and oat and its identity was confirmed by serological and Rep-PCR tests. A survey of sorghum, maize and oat fields should be carried out in order to determine whether or not the FRS bacterium can infect these crops naturally.

The main goal of our research was to search for SSRs in the Eucalyptus EST FORESTs database (using a software for mining SSR-motifs). With this objective, we created a database for cataloging Eucalyptus EST-derived SSRs, and developed a bioinformatics tool, named Satellyptus, for finding and analyzing microsatellites in the Eucalyptus EST database. The search for microsatellites in the FORESTs database containing 71,115 Eucalyptus EST sequences (52.09 Mb) revealed 20,530 SSRs in 15,621 ESTs. The SSR abundance detected on the Eucalyptus ESTs database (29% or one microsatellite every four sequences) is considered very high for plants. Amongst the categories of SSR motifs, the dimeric (37%) and trimeric ones (33%) predominated. The AG/CT motif was the most frequent (35.15%) followed by the trimeric CCG/CGG (12.81%). From a random sample of 1,217 sequences, 343 microsatellites in 265 SSR-containing sequences were identified. Approximately 48% of these ESTs containing microsatellites were homologous to proteins with known biological function. Most of the microsatellites detected in Eucalyptus ESTs were positioned at either the 5’ or 3’ end. Our next priority involves the design of flanking primers for codominant SSR loci, which could lead to the development of a set of microsatellite-based markers suitable for marker-assisted Eucalyptus breeding programs.